When the United States joined World War I in 1917, the federal government extended the homefront Progressive effort to encourage middle-class behavior grounded in temperance, industriousness, and sexual morality to American troops overseas. Entertainment and recreational activities moderated by the Commission on Training Camp Activities (CTCA) and civilian organizations like the Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA), gave Progressives an outlet for their middle-class moral agenda. Despite Progressive women’s contribution to the 1917 war effort, historians continue to associate war with the male experience, often retelling women volunteers’ narratives through the lens of their male employers. Which raises the question: how did YMCA women volunteers entertaining troops overseas challenge preconceived expectations of middle-class female domesticity? By analyzing letters sent home from American women entertainers between 1918 and 1919, this project argues that women advanced the organization’s goal in instilling middle-class ideologies on soldier audiences. In the process, however, women proved their undeniable value to the “Progressive experiment,” and assumed an unprecedented level of agency in a male-dominated sphere—an outcome the YMCA did not anticipate. Centering women’s experiences and highlighting how they utilized a social sphere previously exclusive to men reveals a new, and largely unexplored, perspective, in which women not only aided the war effort with their service, but utilized the historical moment to further the goals of feminists on the homefront towards recognition and equality.
