UWEC CERCA 2026

Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a collection of widely used contaminants, and have been coined as “forever chemicals” due to their long-lasting nature in the environment. Impacts on human health are thought to be associated with the development of cancers, thyroid issues, and reproductive issues. In 2024, PFAS were detected in exceedance of regulatory recommendations in several private wells in rural southwest Eau Claire County, leading to county-wide systematic testing.Between July 2024 and April 2025, student researchers at UWEC sampled 141 private wells for PFAS. Samples were analyzed at the Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene. Samples collected by UWEC and the Eau Claire City-County Health Department detected PFAS in approximately 35% of the samples, with 19% exceeding the EPA limit of 4 ppt (parts per trillion) for PFOA. Visual inspection appears to show a correspondence between elevated PFOA and paper mill sludge spreading. There is not a clear indication of elevated PFAS corresponding with wastewater or septic land spreading. There is no clear relationship between elevated PFAS and exceedances in other water quality parameters, including nitrate.