The foundation of Cray Research Incorporated (CRI) in 1972 brought about the era of high-performance computing, popularly known as supercomputing. CRI was highly reliant on women’s labor in both its factory in Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin and its software programming department at Mendota, Minnesota. CRI’s utilization of women workers raises two questions: why did leadership at Cray Research feminize certain aspects of supercomputing production and not others? How did the feminization of certain aspects impact the workplace and corporate culture? Using oral history interviews of former Chippewa Falls CRI employees, archived internal company documents, patents granted to CRI, and CRI documents published for general consumption, I will argue that while women were valued employees at CRI, which offered career advancement to a few women, CRI still replicated existing gendered power dynamics in industrial and technical manufacturing.
Last semester, I took WRIT 118 with Dr. Rylander, and for our final paper, we were tasked with writing a memoir that illuminates a significant memory, experience, turning point, or moment of understanding in our lives and to incorporate research in our paper in some way . The tricky part was trying to find something to write about. I’ve had the idea of writing about families dealing with housing issues because of low income and how it affects the kids for a while. This is due to my own personal issues with housing issues and low income throughout my childhood. A part of why I wrote this is that I feel in the media, we don’t hear enough from the perspective of people who don’t have a childhood bedroom to go home to. The other part was to talk about the effects low income has on the families-mostly the kids-stress, and the ability to keep housing. I have had to move a few times through my childhood, but weirdly enough, I always got to keep nearly the same route to school almost every day in my early education. The one road that would always stay constant was Highway F. In my memoir, I use the road as a sort of way to tell the timeline of different times I’ve moved and how it impacted me. I then used trusted sources and cited quotes that backed up the impact that housing instability and low income have on children. My hope with writing this is to give a deeper perspective to people with low income and teach that life can be as unstable as housing sometimes, but it’s ok because life is always changing, so you should try to stay in the present.
"Environmental Times Magazine: No Better Time, Save Wisconsin" is a magazine that shares the effects climate change is having on Wisconsin. It deep dives into the direct effects climate change is having on ecological balance throughout the state. The magazine shares some ways that Wisconsin is already working on these issues and some solutions that we should consider putting into place. The goal of this magazine is to inform those who live in Wisconsin about these effects in a creative and fun way.
This project's purpose was to convince people to think twice about the pollution they may be causing to the Great Lakes. To achieve this, I researched how the pollution of water affects wildlife in the Great Lakes region. My research showed that water pollution from multiple sources has a negative impact on not only wildlife but also humans. I intended this project for people who live around or visit the Great Lakes region. I shared research about common sources of pollution and also some solutions that can help fix the problem at hand.
As a student who has been through mulitple levels of education, I believe we have faced self-censorship, which is refraining from our own ideas due to the fear of controversial backlash. I also believe this is destroying our free speech rights that build society. Self-censorship is the main cause of this rising issue that takes place at numerous educational institutions across the U.S. and prevents the collaboration of new ideas or concepts that improve critical thinking skills. This project is intended for students, faculty, staff, and policymakers who have the power to change campuses and develop policies to uphold our free speech rights. I designed a PowerPoint presentation that included striking images, constitutional rights, and statistical examples to emphasize my topic. This project will draw my audience into a conversation about our current state by examining the values of free speech rights and expressions that can help us grow diverse perspectives.
My infographic teaches civilians that animals feeding on the lakes are becoming contaminated and then consumed by civilians. This brings new knowledge as it opens the public’s and the government’s eyes about people who depend on sources of meat for cultural and financial reasons. In my project, I examined how to provide for lower-income families and Native Americans who are dependent on animals. I believe that the government should compensate for food costs and water costs.
This Animal Planet-style video shows how the endangerment of Lake Sturgeon impacts the Great Lakes. The Lake Sturgeon is culturally important to indigenous people as well as historically significant to the Great Lakes Region. While the Department of Natural Resources are protecting the Lake Sturgeon, I feel that their story is special and they should be a greater focus to the conservationists of the Great Lakes. This film brings awareness to how important they are to so many people, therefore we need to do more to protect them.
This multimodal public service announcement was created to raise awareness about overfishing in the Great Lakes and its impact on freshwater ecosystems. The project explores how human overexploitation disrupts ecological balance and threatens the survival of fish populations. Told from a first-person fish perspective, the project argues that overfishing harms not only individual species but also the entire ecosystem that depends on biodiversity and balance. The intended audience includes students and community members who may not realize how everyday human actions affect aquatic environments. To reach this audience, the project uses emotional storytelling, underwater visuals, and environmental research to encourage sustainable fishing practices and habitat protection.
The electric utility industry is changing fast. Tax incentives, new regulations, and rising electricity demand from AI data centers are pushing leaders to rethink sustainability. This project examines how Midwestern electric utility executives respond and whether sustainability is driven by compliance, financial incentives, or long-term strategy. Electric utilities are interested in sustainable energy, but they are restrained by complicated regulatory and economic limitations. Focusing on leadership decisions, the study connects sustainability strategy to policy shifts and emerging energy demands. Structured interviews with senior utility leaders will be analyzed by theme to reveal how sustainability fits into the business plan. Currently in the literature review phase, the project expects to find that sustainability is seen as a smart business strategy rather than just a regulatory requirement, helping utilities manage long-term risks and plan for future growth.
The Precambrian bedrock of northern Wisconsin hosts the 1.8-1.9Ga billion-year-old Penokean Orogeny. The Penokean Orogeny involves the collision of volcanic arcs and smaller continental crustal blocks. These blocks are known as the Pembine-Wausau Terrane and the Marshfield Terrane. The Eau Pleine Shear Zone marks the boundary between these two terranes. Recent studies within the Marshfield Terrane indicate a more complex geological structure than previously understood, the highly variable ages in this area highlight the need to re-evaluate the significance of this structural boundary between the Pembine-Wausau and Marshfield terranes. Clusters of magmatic rocks found near the Eau Pleine Shear Zone could help determine the nature of this crustal boundary. Magmas that are generated before, during, or after the collision inherit the geochemical and isotopic characteristics of the crustal blocks they interact with. For this research project, samples were collected from both intrusive and volcanic rocks that are found on both sides of the Eau Pleine Shear Zone, these samples were then prepared for geochemical and petrographic analysis. The results of this work will allow us to evaluate historical tectonic models of the Lake Superior region and determine whether the Eau Pleine Shear Zone is indeed an appropriate terrane boundary.
The volcanic rocks of the Penokean orogen of northern Wisconsin are well known for hosting 1875 Ma Cu-Zn-Pb-Au-Ag volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits that formed in deep marine extensional settings. New U/Pb ages obtained from VMS-hosting volcanic strata suggest the extensional tectonic setting was active at 1835 Ma when previous tectonic models state the Penokean Orogen is thought to have closed the ocean. These inconsistencies in dates of samples from the Penokean Orogen may suggest a different geologic timeline than previously recognized. However, younger tectonic or hydrothermal may have altered the zircon U/Pb systematics. This study compares U/Pb ages taken from zircon cores or rims to test if there is a difference in the data. If there is a correlation between core/rim analyses and ages, then it is possible that the 1835 Ma age is an artifact of tectonic or hydrothermal events and not related to timing of VMS mineralization. Preliminary core vs. rim comparisons indicates there is no distinct difference in the ages. This suggests that the younger submarine extensional VMS-forming environment existed and that the timing of major events in the Penokean orogen need to be revisited.
The objective of our research is to determine the efficacy, diversity, and factors that influence intent to stay in public child welfare, specifically applied to the graduates of the Title IV-E program at the University of Wisconsin – Eau Claire (UWEC). For decades, child welfare agencies have experienced near consistent turnover rates ranging from 20-40%. We hope to use the data gathered towards improving the program at UWEC by evaluating preparedness, diversity, and retention to decrease turnover rates and increase intent to stay. Participants will be UWEC Title IV-E graduates who have been employed in the child welfare workforce for at least six months. In the study, participants (n=50) will be asked to complete portions of the Comprehensive Organizational Health Assessment (COHA) and a semi-structured interview. Examples of sections in the COHA are as follows: Peer Support, Supervision, Job Satisfaction, Intent to Stay, and Self-Care. The interview will explore burnout, secondary trauma, and compassion fatigue. We expect results that show the Title IV-E program at UWEC has better prepared social work graduates to succeed in the child welfare field. We expect that job satisfaction and supervision/peer support are major influencers on intent to stay in child welfare.
Housing and homelessness constitutes a persistent public health concern, necessitating rigorous evaluation of intervention strategies. Home for Good (HFG), a non-profit organization based in Eau Claire, Wisconsin, implements a unique housing and peer mentorship model to address homelessness among families with young children. Using mixed-methods, we evaluated HFG’s approach through quantitative survey data and in-depth qualitative interviews with both mentors and clients engaged in the program. Surveys captured mentors’ experiences with program implementation, and interviews explored clients’ personal narratives and the perceived impact of HFG on their trajectories. Our analysis has identified key trends and has generated evidence-based recommendations for program development. In this presentation, we describe our methodology, share findings to date, and discuss implications for policy and future housing interventions.
Low fruit and vegetable (FV) intake increases chronic disease risk, especially for low-income Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) households facing cost and access barriers. Nutrition incentive programs aim to make FV more affordable for SNAP participants. This study examined eight years of data (2018–2025, N = 1,071) from a Wisconsin SNAP nutrition incentive program, using descriptive and regression analyses to evaluate shopper experiences. Most participants reported eating more FV (90%), trying new foods (63%), and saving on groceries (85%). Nearly all (93%) described the market as welcoming, but barriers included transportation (18%), weather (23%), and limited hours (13%). More incentive redemption was linked to higher visit frequency with each $10 increase in incentives redeemed associated with 17% more visits (β = 0.016, p < .001). More visits also increased the odds of returning the next season by 60% (OR = 1.60, p = .011). Findings suggest that incentives boost FV affordability, which encourages more frequent market visits, supporting greater engagement and FV access for low-income households. Results highlight both the program’s strengths and remaining barriers, providing guidance for more equitable, accessible nutrition incentive strategies.
Despite the central role of fruits and vegetables (FV) in a healthy diet, cost and access remain barriers for low-income households. The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) addresses food insecurity on a broad scale; however, FV consumption remains low among SNAP participants, who are also less likely than higher-income shoppers to purchase from farmers' markets. The Eau Claire Downtown Farmers Market implements Market Match, a nutrition incentive program that allocates additional funds for FV purchases to SNAP households. Eight years of administrative data (2018–2025) from 2,457 unique households were analyzed to describe long-term participation patterns and economic contributions to the local food system. Descriptive statistics were used to examine annual participation, seasonal return patterns, and vendor-level SNAP redemption. More than one-third of households returned for multiple years, and over 100 participated for at least three seasons, demonstrating sustained engagement. In 2025, SNAP shoppers spent $29,082 at the market; using a conservative economic multiplier of 1.6, this spending likely generated more than $46,500 in local economic activity. Findings underscore the role of nutrition incentives in expanding farmers' market access for low-income shoppers, strengthening Wisconsin's local food economy, and providing evidence to inform a statewide nutrition incentive model.
Flushing of non-degrading waste can lead to costly blockages in wastewater treatment systems. This study investigated Eau Claire County residents’ perspectives on and habits of flushing non-degrading waste. To test our hypothesis that residents with on-site septic systems are more aware of proper flushing habits than residents whose sewage flows to the municipal wastewater treatment plant, we distributed 444 surveys in neighborhoods that were on the municipal system and others with an on-site septic system. We received 43 responses from septic and municipal residences, with response rates of 28% and 15%, respectively. Municipal residents were more likely to identify that non-flushable wipes and feminine hygiene products should not be flushed (by 19% and 9%, respectively) and they reported experiencing clogs at a significantly lower rate (-33%). We contacted three local septic service companies who all stated most septic system blockages are caused by non-woven wet wipes with some blockages caused by feminine hygiene products. These insights, combined with survey results, suggest that septic system residents are more invested in what gets flushed than municipal residents, but are less aware of proper flushing habits. This study will be used to develop an outreach program on the importance of proper flushing habits.
Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a collection of widely used contaminants, and have been coined as “forever chemicals” due to their long-lasting nature in the environment. Impacts on human health are thought to be associated with the development of cancers, thyroid issues, and reproductive issues. In 2024, PFAS were detected in exceedance of regulatory recommendations in several private wells in rural southwest Eau Claire County, leading to county-wide systematic testing.Between July 2024 and April 2025, student researchers at UWEC sampled 141 private wells for PFAS. Samples were analyzed at the Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene. Samples collected by UWEC and the Eau Claire City-County Health Department detected PFAS in approximately 35% of the samples, with 19% exceeding the EPA limit of 4 ppt (parts per trillion) for PFOA. Visual inspection appears to show a correspondence between elevated PFOA and paper mill sludge spreading. There is not a clear indication of elevated PFAS corresponding with wastewater or septic land spreading. There is no clear relationship between elevated PFAS and exceedances in other water quality parameters, including nitrate.
This study investigates the motivations, expectations, and self-assessed preparedness of Chinese undergraduate students preparing to study in the United States through the CHEPD 1+2+1 Dual Degree Program. It addresses a gap in the literature by focusing on pre-departure perspectives, which are often overlooked in research on international student adjustment. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were collected via surveys (N=36) and semi-structured interviews (N=19) with students at Suzhou University of Technology prior to their departure for the University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire. Findings reveal that students are motivated by academic and personal growth opportunities but experience significant anxiety regarding language barriers, social integration, and safety concerns—largely shaped by social media. The study recommends that pre-departure orientations expand beyond logistical information to include proactive socio-emotional support, realistic cultural previews, and peer-mentoring programs to bridge the gap between students’ academic confidence and their socio-cultural apprehensions.
Our research question is: Are student rental properties more likely to have environmental home health hazards than non-student rental properties in the city of Eau Claire? Our initial hypothesis was yes. An environmental home health hazard is defined as a chemical, physical, biological, or other condition within a residence that has the potential to impact the health of residents. Some examples include mold, pests, radon, carbon monoxide, and lead. The data that does exist are external housing evaluations done by the Health Department called the Residential Environmental Quality Assessment. REQA data is the most relevant and reliable data available in the context of our research question. Using online sources, we divided as many addresses as we could into four categories: non-rental, student rental, non-student rental, and uncertain. We will then use t-tests to analyze and compare the data from non-student rentals and student rentals to answer our research question quantitatively. This project has also produced a rental housing checklist for students considering off-campus housing as well as information on mold, radon, pests, lead, carbon monoxide and asbestos.
Air quality is vital to human and environmental health and is commonly assessed using the Air Quality Index (AQI), which reflects concentrations of air pollutants such as PM2.5, CO2, TVOC, CO, SO2, and O3. This study aimed to evaluate indoor and outdoor air quality on the UW-Eau Claire (UWEC) lower campus and compare findings to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines in order to ensure the efficacy of campus HVAC systems and the protection of student and faculty health. Using the Temtop and TSI AirAssure air quality monitoring devices calibrated with Wisconsin DNR data, pollutant levels were recorded at multiple high-traffic locations in almost every lower campus building. The devices were placed at breathing level and monitored air quality for ten minutes per site. Pollutant levels remained within recommended safety standards for the duration of the study, with some fluctuations due to weather, vehicle emissions, and construction activity. Overall, findings indicate that current campus air quality systems are effective in maintaining safe work and living conditions. Future research should expand air quality monitoring to upper campus residential and dining facilities and incorporate more advanced equipment for comprehensive pollutant analysis.
Blacklegged ticks (Ixodes scapularis) often called deer or bear ticks are the primary vector for the agent of Lyme disease, Borrelia burgdorferi. Eau Claire County has one of the highest prevalence rates in the country, with 188 cases in 2022. Performing tick drags and species identification in popular Eau Claire parks is crucial in furthering knowledge and understanding on what harm may be inflicted upon civilians. By gathering data, Eau Claireans can be informed about the possible cautions present at tested recreational parks. ENPH 110: Environmental Public Health First Year Experience course, students performed tick drags in surrounding Eau Claire area parks including Lowes Creek Park, Southwest Dog Park, Carson Park, and UWEC Lower Campus Circle. Tick drags were made of cotton fabric weighed down with 1 oz sinkers and researchers pulled their tick drags behind them in parks, removed attached ticks, identified species, placed into vials with 70% alcohol and delivered them to the Eau Claire Health Department. Selected ticks were then tested using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the Borrelia burgdorferi gene. Students then created informational guides for park visitors to understand the dangers of ticks and how to take proper prevention.
Methylmercury (MeHg) toxicity is a notable public health concern in the Great Lakes region. The glutathione pathway (GSH) involves antioxidant signaling and is responsible for the removal of toxins like MeHg from cells. There are many genes involved in the GSH pathway; one of these genes is gclm. Previous lab work has developed a mutant zebrafish line by creating a germline mutation using CRISPR-Cas9 reagents that contains a loss-of-function deletion in the gclm gene. The objective of this study was to create additional gclm mutant fish for investigating developmental MeHg toxicity. Zebrafish of different gclm genotypes were bred to produce heterozygous and homozygous mutant zebrafish. To identify mutant zebrafish, we used PCR and restriction enzyme reagents that target the DNA mutation site in the gclm gene. Results were visualized using gel electrophoresis. The creation of a mutant gclm zebrafish line will allow for future experiments on the influence of gclm in embryonic development and developmental toxicity.
Burnout is one of the most frequently cited reasons teachers leave the profession, with early-career educators demonstrating heightened vulnerability. This study examined the prevalence and characteristics of burnout among physical education teachers within their first ten years of teaching in Wisconsin, with an emphasis on understanding why burnout emerges early in the profession. A quantitative, cross-sectional design was employed, and an online survey was distributed via Qualtrics. Burnout was measured using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Educators Survey (MBI-ES), a validated instrument assessing three dimensions of burnout: Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization, and Personal Accomplishment. Participants also responded to open-ended questions to provide additional insight to their experiences. Findings revealed that Emotional Exhaustion was the most prominent dimension of burnout, with respondents reporting persistent fatigue and emotional strain throughout the school week. No significant elevations were observed in Depersonalization or reduced Personal Achievement. Qualitative responses identified workload, limited preparation time, scheduling demands, compensation concerns, and insufficient administrative support as primary contributors to burnout. Overall, results suggest that structural and organizational factors play a central role in the development of burnout among early-career physical education teachers.
Interprofessional partnerships along with quality and safety are important essentials for nursing students to learn and practice. The focus of this research project is to enhance the knowledge and confidence of undergraduate nursing students when using medical packaging within a medical packaging kit. This is a vital and important skill for nurses going into the workforce. The medical packaging kit will include a variety of packaging types and supplementary materials. The emphasis of this presentation regards a literature search that is being conducted to inform the project to create supplementary materials for students enrolled in a junior level nursing course. The literature search will inform effective learning techniques in undergraduate nursing programs. The project as a whole is a collaborative partnership between members of the nursing program at the University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and members of the packaging program at the University of Wisconsin-Stout. The Framework for Action on Interprofessional Education and Collaborative Practice and the Essentials: Core Competencies for nursing education guided the project.
Over time, biodiversity can change and vary in many ways, for example, in response to urbanization, climate change and invasive species. Pollinators are important animals as they facilitate plant reproduction and maintain plant biodiversity. Our research compares historical data about plant-pollinator relationships in Putnam Park and how it compares to modern data we collected over the summer. We expected to see similar numbers of plant-pollinator relationships, but with some new additions and missing links. To test this hypothesis, we first collected data by observing and catching non-bee pollinators in Putnam Park. We compared the data we collected to the historical data obtained from years of 1882-1928, and this allowed us to see if there was a change in plant-pollinator interactions. We evaluated present and past plant-pollinator relationships by creating a plant-pollinator network to model the consistent and changing relationships. We collected 65 specimens throughout our 10 days of observation between June 1st and September 1st of 2025. We also observed 49 different flowering plant species. We found multiple plant-pollinator relationships that have disappeared, as well as new ones that have appeared, telling us that there are both new additions and missing links that contribute to the biodiversity of Putnam Park.
Bumble bees (Bombus spp.) are among the most important wild pollinators, contributing significantly to ecosystem health and stability. However, due to habitat loss, climate change, and the continuous increase of pesticide use, many species have experienced population declines. Eau Claire, WI, has been reported as home to 15 Bombus spp. including the endangered Rusty Patched Bumble bee (Bombus affinis), making it an important location for bumble bee conservation. This study aims to characterize foraging behavior and preferences of local Bombus species to improve our understanding of preferred food plants to support conservation. To do this, a 12-week field study monitored bumblebee abundance and available flowers at three locations around Eau Claire. By conducting timed field surveys at each location each week and noting flowers visited, we evaluated species presence and abundance and created a flower-Bombus interaction network. Over 177 surveys conducted, 13 different species of Bombus were observed. Each species of Bombus observed had unique peaks in abundance and responses to ambient temperature. 50 different species of flowers were visited by bumble bees over the surveying period (June-September), with the most visited species being Monarda fistulosa. Knowing the bumble bees diet preferences can inform pollinator planting practices in Western WI.
In the context of human-induced rapid environmental change, monitoring of wildlife at different sites can offer useful information about how local fauna are responding to human presence. Here we build upon a previous study on the behavioral ecology of North American beavers (Castor canadensis), a native ecosystem engineer, through monitoring using camera traps. We surveyed various public lands and identified several active family groups of beavers in West-Central Wisconsin. Our camera trap data also captured the behavior of other local fauna based on our video analysis. Using Passive Infrared (PIR) sensors, our trail cameras detect captured video footage across each 24-hour cycle including social behaviors of river otters and beavers as well as inquisitive bears and foraging behaviors by squirrels, deer, and native birds. We also detected flying squirrels gliding down from trees at night, and bobcats transversing local habitats. Future research will focus on the extent to which vertebrate assemblages vary across sites and with human activity. The plethora of wildlife we monitored on our camera traps illustrates how beavers play a key role in shaping diverse and healthy wetland ecosystems. Our work has important implications for the management of wetlands and conservation of beaver populations in the region.
The North American gray wolf (Canis lupus) is a native keystone predator that contributes to healthy ecosystems across Wisconsin. Despite its broad historical range, anthropogenic development caused friction between pack territories and local farming operations, ultimately leading to the species’ extirpation from the state in the late 1950s. Over the past 25 years, wolf packs have recolonized Wisconsin forests from source populations in Minnesota, and local populations have now reached saturation in the greater Eau Claire region. Our team partnered with the Timber Wolf Information Network (TWIN), an organization established in 1989 to promote wolf awareness and conservation, to support efforts aimed at reducing human-wolf conflict. We monitored wolf activity by identifying tracks in snow and mud. Observations of raised-leg urination at scent posts provided insights into pack boundaries, breeding pair presence, and estrous cycles. Camera traps were deployed within established pack territories to quantify wolf presence and behavior, allowing us to characterize pack dynamics more accurately. These in-depth behavioral surveys will inform responses to population control and maintain beneficial populations of wolves in Wisconsin. More broadly, our project is raising public awareness about the historical impacts of wolves and the ecosystem benefits of their restored presence in Wisconsin forests.
Rural communities may experience barriers to healthcare access, such as provider shortages, long travel distances, and challenges with technology or internet connections, which have a negative effect on overall patient outcomes. The purpose of this project was to examine patient perspectives on rural healthcare access in the Eau Claire region. Older adults living in rural communities around Eau Claire were interviewed about their perspectives and experiences in accessing healthcare services. These interviews included questions related to telehealth and artificial intelligence, as these have emerged as potential solutions for addressing healthcare needs in rural communities. The participants’ responses were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Themes, categories, and exemplars from the participant interviews will be presented.
Previous studies have indicated a gap in healthcare access between urban and rural environments, primarily associated with travel distances and relative availability of providers. Technological solutions, such as telehealth, have been proposed as a way to close the access gap, but it is unclear whether telehealth and other technologies are having a sufficient impact. The purpose of this project was to examine providers’ perceptions of rural healthcare access in communities near Eau Claire, and particularly how technology plays a role in rural healthcare. Healthcare providers from the region completed an anonymous survey to share their experiences and perceptions. The participants’ responses were analyzed using qualitative content analysis and themes, categories, and exemplars will be presented.
Individuals living in rural communities may face challenges in accessing healthcare services related to internet availability, provider options, and travel distances to healthcare facilities. Telehealth, virtual healthcare, and other technology-driven options have emerged, but may not fully address the needs of rural communities. The purpose of this study is to compare perceptions of healthcare providers to perceptions of patients, particularly related to the value and effectiveness of technological solutions to healthcare access. Surveys of rural healthcare providers and interviews with rural older adults who access healthcare were gathered. Both groups responded to similar questions related to access, as well as the use of technology, telehealth, and artificial intelligence in healthcare settings. Comparisons between the perceptions of providers and patients will be presented.
